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Why Green Ammonia

Green Ammonia: The Answer To A More Sustainable Future

Ammonia saved the world once; it might do it again.A century ago, the world faced a looming food crisis. A booming population was pushing farmers to grow crops faster than nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil could keep up, and the South American deposits of guano and natural nitrates they applied as fertilizer were dwindling.In what may still be the biggest global problem solved by chemistry, Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch developed a process to react hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under pressure to make ammonia, which farmers adopted in place of natural fertilizers.
Today’s crisis is climate change. This time, ammonia can be produced by hydrogen from water electrolysis and nitrogen separated from the air, the whole process is 100% carbon free. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia is expanding from the most traditional agricultural fertilizer field to the energy field due to its obvious advantages in storage and transportation.As a carrier of zero-carbon fuel and hydrogen energy, ammonia is an important pillar in achieving future green development.

The Threat of Climate Change

Climate change poses a fundamental threat to the places, species and people’s livelihoods. To adequately address this crisis we must urgently reduce carbon pollution and prepare for the consequences of global warming.

Temperature Rise

The Earth is now about 1.1°C warmer than it was in the 1800s. On the current path of carbon dioxide emissions, temperature could increase by as much as 4.4°C by the end of the century.

CO₂ Concentration

The concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere is currently at nearly 412 parts per million (ppm) and rising. This represents a 47 percent increase since the beginning of the Industrial Age.

Water Scarcity

Climate change is exacerbating both water scarcity and water-related hazards (such as floods and droughts), as rising temperatures disrupt precipitation patterns and the entire water cycle.

Food Security

Extreme weather is a driver of world hunger.As global temperatures and sea levels rise, the result is more heat waves, droughts, floods, cyclones and wildfires. Those conditions make it difficult for farmers to grow food and for the hungry to get it.

Natural Disasters

With increasing global surface temperatures the possibility of more droughts and increased intensity of storms will likely occur.

Achieving Green Energy Transformation

One of the most promising applications of green ammonia is its utilization as a sustainable energy carrier. Ammonia can be produced from the available elemental hydrogen and nitrogen in the air and, if necessary, can be broken down again into its components with the help of an ammonia cracker. This means ammonia can be transported around the world from areas rich in wind and solar resources, where it can be used directly to generate electricity or cracked again into hydrogen for industrial applications.

Ammonia can also be burned directly, for example in gas turbines or ship engines. Due to its versatility, ammonia is an ideal green energy molecule. Ammonia has a higher energy density than hydrogen, which makes it easy to transport and easy to store. This makes green ammonia an ideal liquid energy carrier for transporting renewable energy “green hydrogen” over long distances.

Furthermore, ammonia is already a globally traded product with existing transportation infrastructure, thus offering significant potential for the global green energy economy and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

KAPSOM Ammonia brochure

Smart, Modular Green Ammonia Plants: Revolutionizing Eco-Efficiency

Modular Green Ammonia Design

Enhanced Scalability

Allows for gradual expansion of production capacity, adapting easily to increasing demand or budget constraints.

Cost Efficiency

Standardized modules often result in reduced manufacturing and installation costs, offering economic advantages over traditional plant setups.

Faster Deployment

Prefabricated units enable quicker assembly and commissioning, significantly shortening project timelines from design to operation.

Location Flexibility

Their compact and self-contained nature makes them suitable for diverse locations, including remote or constrained sites.

Lower Environmental Footprint

Modular designs can be more environmentally friendly, requiring less land and potentially having lower emissions.

Simplified Maintenance and Upgrades

The modular approach facilitates easier maintenance and potential upgrades of individual components without major disruptions.

Improved Energy Efficiency

These designs can be optimized for better energy use, crucial for processes reliant on renewable energy sources.

Customizable Solutions

Offers the flexibility to tailor modules to specific project needs or operational requirements.

Smart System

The Smart system of the green ammonia plant is an intelligent remote operation management system established on top of the control system to address the weaknesses of the control system applied to the green ammonia plant.

The Smart system has obvious features such as Smart screen Remote HMI and Multi-camera surveillance. By
combining these three components, the Smart system can greatly improve the management efficiency of green
ammonia plant, reduce on-site workload, and eliminate data isolation of green ammonia plant. The detailed
explanation is as follows.

Smart Screen

Install screen between the constituent units of the green ammonia plant. Each screen consists of multiple pictures, divided into production status monitoring pictures and core equipment monitoring pictures. The smart screen enables field workers to accurately determine unit operation and equipment faults without entering the unit.

Remote HMI

The remote HMI contains on-site Smart screen content and collects safety, process, equipment, consumption,and product information within the green ammonia plant, breaking the data isolation of various systems in the plant and achieving effective integration of safety, production, management, and operation data of the green ammonia plant. In addition, the remote HMI also has functions such as real-time PID monitoring, operation data analysis and playback, trend analysis, data query, alarm management, message push, and comprehensive reporting, enabling the green ammonia plant to monitor and operate anytime and anywhere.

Multi-camera Surveillance

Set up camera monitoring points at different locations on site to monitor plant production and environmental conditions. Real time camera monitoring images will be embedded into the smart screen in the control room and remote HMI. When the remote HMI detects any abnormalities in the production process, it can access camera near the area to monitor the on-site images in real time. Multi-camera surveillance will provide critical judgment basis for sudden situations on site.

Main Parameters of Green Ammonia Plant

LAYOUT DIMENSIONS OF GA-2000

Unit	Length (m)	Width (m)	Height (m)
Hydrogen Preparation Unit	13	6	5.5
Nitrogen Preparation Unit	10	6	2.9
Compression Unit	10	5	1.7
Ammonia Synthesis Unit	12	2.5	2.8
Refrigeration Unit	6	2.5	2.5

MAIN PARAMETERS OF GA-2000 (2,000TPA)
Unit	Hydrogen Preparation Unit	Nitrogen Preparation Unit	Compression Unit	Ammonia Synthesis Unit	Refrigeration Unit
Cooling Water (T/h)	80	10	5	6	20
Electricity Consumption (kWh/h)	2,500	60	55	37.5	85
Floor Area (m²)	78	60	50	30	15

*Volume ratio of the layout:0.75| Demineralized water consumption of hydrogen production unit: 0.5T/h

*All data are only for theoretical reference, and the specific data shall be calculated according to the actual project background.

LAYOUT DIMENSIONS OF GA-2000

Unit	Length (m)	Width (m)	Height (m)
Hydrogen Preparation Unit	60	28	10
Nitrogen Preparation Unit	15	7	4
Compression Unit	14	10	2.5
Ammonia Synthesis Unit	12	7	4.5
Refrigeration Unit	10	3.5	3

MAIN PARAMETERS OF GA-2000 (2,000TPA)
Unit	Hydrogen Preparation Unit	Nitrogen Preparation Unit	Compression Unit	Ammonia Synthesis Unit	Refrigeration Unit
Cooling Water (T/h)	800	100	50	60	200
Electricity Consumption (kWh/h)	25,000	600	550	132	650
Floor Area (m²)	1,680	105	140	84	35

*Volume ratio of the layout:0.75| Demineralized water consumption of hydrogen production unit: 5T/h

*All data are only for theoretical reference, and the specific data shall be calculated according to the actual project background.

*All the data in the table are obtained with reference to theoretical data and actual project experience of KAPSOM, and are only for reference.

KAPSOM Ammonia brochure

What is Green Ammonia?

Green ammonia is ammonia produced using green hydrogen and 100% or a close to 100% renewable energy, with near-zero greenhouse gas emissions (less than or equal to 0.3 kg CO2e per kg of NH3 averaged over 12 months). This means that every step of the production process – including the separation of nitrogen from air, the production of hydrogen, and the synthesis of the two elements in the century-old Haber-B Bosch process – must be powered by renewable energy.

Green Ammonia Production

KAPSOM Ammonia brochure

Green Ammonia: Powering a Sustainable Tomorrow, Today!

The world is absolutely dependent on ammonia. Today, half of the world’s food production relies on it to boost crop yields, creating a market worth $70 billion. However, the reprocducible decentralized production of molecules opens up a wider range of use cases beyond traditional scenarios. With an energy density nine times that of lithium-ion batteries and three times that of compressed hydrogen, ammonia has the potential to serve as a carbon-free energy carrier and is an important pillar for achieving future green development.

Renewable Energy Storage

Green ammonia can be used as a medium for storing and transporting renewable energy. It’s especially useful for solar and wind energy, which are intermittent sources.

Maritime Fuel

Green ammonia is particularly promising as a fuel for ships. The maritime industry, responsible for a significant portion of global emissions, is exploring ammonia as an alternative to heavy fuel oil. Ammonia-powered ships can operate with zero emissions, making it an attractive option for reducing the environmental impact of shipping.

Sustainable Agriculture

Ammonia is a key ingredient in fertilizers. Green ammonia provides a more sustainable option for agriculture, reducing the carbon footprint of food production.

Hydrogen Carrier

Green ammonia can be used to transport hydrogen, another clean fuel. Ammonia is easier to liquefy than hydrogen and requires less extreme conditions for storage and transport.

Chemical Industry

As a basic chemical, ammonia is used in the production of various products. Green ammonia offers a sustainable alternative for these processes.

Fuel Cells

Ammonia can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity. These fuel cells can power electric vehicles, offering a clean alternative to battery-powered electric vehicles, especially in heavy-duty and long-haul transportation where battery weight and charging time are limitations.

KAPSOM Ammonia brochure

World's First Green Ammonia Plant Supplied by KAPSOM

In 2021,KAPSOM helped a solar company in India build the world’s firstgreen ammonia plant, which can make them reduce CO2 emission by 6240TPA.Through the success operation of the project, it is not only a typical demonstration plant of power-to-x, but also lays the foundation for the customer’s second phase of large scalle green ammonia project.

2,000 TPA Green Ammonia Plant for Client in Saudi Arabia

In 2022, KAPSOM assisted a Saudi Arabian renewable energy company with the implementation of a green ammonia pllant ln order to facllitate equipment transportation, simplify on-site construction, and shorten commissioning and start-up, the project used the dimension of 40 GP container as the design basis for the ammonia synthesis unit for the first time, which is highly integrated.

2,000 TPA Green Ammonia Plant for Client in Colombia

In 2022, KAPSOM coopcrated with a Colombian venture capital company to explore the field of green ammonia locally. The owerall design of the project used containcrs as the basis to further improve the equipment integration of each main unit. At the same time a smart control system to realize automatic control was introduced into this project. It will save client 8,320 tons of carbon emissions per year.

100 TPA Green Ammonia Plant for Client in Namibia

In June 2023, KAPSOM cooperated with DGHV to help it build Africa’s first fully dynamic carbon-neutral green ammonia synthesis project. The total scale of the project is 1.5 GW. The first phase of the project received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education and the local government. The main purpose is to produce green hydrogen, green ammonia and their derivatives. This project lays the foundation for the commercial application of green ammonia in the following three and four phases.